Male Infertility
INTRODUCTION
“Infertility is the inability of a sexual active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year” (WHO). About 25% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within 1 year, of whom 15% seek medical treatment for infertility and less 5% remain unwillingly childless. Infertility affects both men and women : Male causes for infertility are found in 50% of involuntarily childless couples. Below you can see the main aetiological causes of male subfertility:
- Varicocele
- Sexual factors
- Prostatitis and genito urinary infections
- Congenital Anomalies
- Testicular Trauma
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular Torsion
- Endocrine Disturbances
- Immunological Factors
- Radiation or chemical exposure
- Idiopathic causes
DIAGNOSIS
Semen analysis is fundamental in male infertility diagnosis. Semen analysis reveals a decreased number of spermatozoa (oligozoospermia), decreased motility (asthenozoospermia) and many abnormal forms on morphological examination (teratozoospermia). Usually, these abnormalities come together and are described as the oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome.
THERAPY
There are medical and surgical therapies for many male infertility causes, but in cases of absence of spermatozoa in semen analysis (azoospermia), this situation cannot be resolved with neither surgery or medical treatment, and in these cases in the past we spoke of male sterility (failure of male to procreate). Today, however, in these cases we can attempt to retrieve the spermatozoa directly from the testicle by non-invasive percutaneous techniques (TEFNA) or by means of sophisticated microsurgical techniques of epididymal and testicular sperm retrieval (MESA, TESE, Micro-TESE), and if spermatozoa are detected in the testicle, programs of Assisted Fertilization (IVF/ICSI) with cryopreserved spermatozoa can be proposed to the couple.
GLOSSARY
TEFNA : TEsticular Fine Needle Aspiration
MESA: Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
TESE: TEsticular Sperm Extraction.
Micro-TESE: Microdissection-TEsticular Sperm Extraction by operating microscope
IVFET: In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.
ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Male Infertility ( Handbook by ISU)
Clinical management of HPV positive couple
Semen cryopreservation Guidelines 2005
Semen analysis Guidelines 2003
Male infertility : eau guidelines 2010
Study of chromosomes in sperm and egg cells
ART. The role of the Andrologist
Couple Infertility: when the man is the problem
Sperm recovery surgical tecniques:state of the art
Cancer therapy and male fertility
Andrological prevention in young men
Couple Infertility: Handbook
Cytogenetic abnormalities in human sperm
What is male infertility ?
Cytogenetic diagnosis in infertile couple
Urogenital flogosis and infertility:EAU Guidelines 2007
DNA fragmentation and male infertility
Vasectomy: medical, social and legal aspects
WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen - V ed. 2010
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MESA tecnique
FIVET/ICSI tecnique
TESE tecnique
Micro-TESE tecnique
Male reproductive system ( explanatory video)
Spermatogenesis ( explanatory video animation)
Spermatogenesis (explanatory video)
Male Infertility. Androlife campaign
TEFNA procedure
TESE Procedure
Micro-TESE (surgical tecnique video)
What you need to know about testicular mapping (by Prof. P. Turek San Francisco California USA)
What is vasectomy
Vasectomy reversal
Liberalization of heterologous Artificial Reproductive Tecniques (ART) in Italy. 2014
Wednesday 27 May 2015 • Prof. A. Natali • 1
Italian Guidelines on Gamete Donation
Wednesday 27 May 2015 • Prof. A. Natali • 1
Sperm test review 2011
Sunday 02 January 2011 • Prof. A. Natali • 1
Obesity: modern man’s fertility nemesis - review 2010
Wednesday 03 February 2010 • Prof. A. Natali • 1
The genetic causes of male factor infertility: A review 2010
Friday 01 January 2010 • Prof. A. Natali • 1
ANDROLOGY
areas of interest
- Male Infertility
- Erectile Dysfunction
- Medical Treatments of Erectile Dysfunctions
- Surgical Treatments of Erectile Dysfunction
- Penile Prosthesis
- Ejaculatory Disorders
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Prostate Cancer
- Prostatitis
- Peyronie's Disease
- Congenital Penile Curvature
- Hydrocele
- Varicocele
- Hypospadias
- Reconstructive Surgery of Male Genitals
- Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD)
- Testicular Torsion
- Genital Trauma
- Penile Cancer
- Testicular Cancer
- Cryptorchidism
IN BOOKSHOP
THE PENIS THIS UNKNOWN:
Male sexuality - history, culture, medicine.
by Alessandro Natali - Marcello Perrotta - Helen Casale
Publisher: ILMIOLIBRO.it
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